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程序文件

[code="c"]

/*********************************************************************************************************
**                                      AVR軟件 串口驅(qū)動(dòng)
**                                  (c) Copyright 2010, limaokui
**                                           All Rights Reserved
**
**                                                  V1.0.0
**
**
**--------------文件信息--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**文   件   名:iousart.c
**創(chuàng)   建   人: www.avrvi.com
**最后修改日期:  2010年5月7日
**描        述:  AVR軟件 串口驅(qū)動(dòng),占用定時(shí)器1,無引腳中斷
**注        意:  軟件耗時(shí)比較多,注意開中斷.
*********************************************************************************************************/

#include "config.h"

unsigned char Baud=0;
volatile unsigned char SimComBuf;
volatile unsigned char SimComTxSampleCycle=0;
volatile unsigned char    bSimComTxing;//正在發(fā)送標(biāo)志
unsigned char    bSimComWaitCheck;//受到一條命令,等待處理
unsigned char    bSimComRxLoadBit;//已接受到開始位
volatile unsigned char    bSimComRxDropEdge;//偵測(cè)開始位的第一周期已開始
volatile unsigned char    SimComRxBitCount;//接受一個(gè)字節(jié)10位計(jì)數(shù)器
volatile unsigned char    SimComRxSampleCycle;//位采樣周期計(jì)數(shù)器
volatile unsigned char    SimComRxBit,SimComRxSampleBuf;
unsigned char    SimComSBuf;//接受寄存器暫存
unsigned char    bSimComByteWaitCheck;//受到一byte,等待處理

volatile unsigned char    SimComSendBitCount;//已發(fā)送位數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)器
volatile unsigned char    SimComSendBuf;//發(fā)送緩沖區(qū)
unsigned char   *ptSimComTxBuf;//發(fā)送緩沖區(qū)指針
unsigned char    SimComSendByteCount;//已發(fā)送字節(jié)數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)器
unsigned char SimComOutputA=0xff;

void iousart_init(unsigned char baudrate)
{
DDRTXD|=(1<<BITTXD);
PORTTXD|=(1<<BITTXD);
DDRRXD&=~(1<<BITRXD);
PORTRXD|=(1<<BITRXD);
 TCCR0 = 0x00; //stop
 Baud=baudrate;
 switch (baudrate)
         {
        case 0:    TCNT0 = 0xE0; //set count   0xC0 1200bps @14.7456Mhz 
                 break;
        case 1:    TCNT0 = 0xF0; //set count   0xE0 2400bps @14.7456Mhz
                 break;
        case 2:    TCNT0 = 0xF8; //set count   0xF0 4800bps @14.7456Mhz
                 break;
        case 3:    TCNT0 = 0xFC; //set count   0xF8 9600bps @14.7456Mhz
                 break;
        default:TCNT0 = 0xE0; //set count    1200bps @14.7456Mhz       
        }
 TCCR0 = 0x03; //start timer
 TIMSK |= (1<<TOIE0);
}


#pragma interrupt_handler timer0_ovf_isr:iv_TIMER0_OVF
void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
 
 unsigned char i,j,bitStatu;   
//unsigned char SimComOutputTemp;


 switch (Baud)
         {
        case 0:    TCNT0 = 0xE0; //set count    1200bps @14.7456Mhz 
                 break;
        case 1:    TCNT0 = 0xF0; //set count    2400bps @14.7456Mhz
                 break;
        case 2:    TCNT0 = 0xF8; //set count    4800bps @14.7456Mhz
                 break;
        case 3:    TCNT0 = 0xFC; //set count    9600bps @14.7456Mhz
                 break;
        default:TCNT0 = 0xE0; //set count    1200bps @14.7456Mhz       
        }

    if((SimComOutputA & (1<<BITTXD)))
      {
      PORTTXD |= (SimComOutputA & (1<<BITTXD));//發(fā)送
      }
    else
      {
      PORTTXD &= SimComOutputA ;  //發(fā)送
      }

    SimComBuf = PINRXD;//接收
     
   ++SimComTxSampleCycle;
   if(SimComTxSampleCycle>=3)
   {
       SimComTxSampleCycle=0;
   }      
     
//------接受-------------------------
   bitStatu=(1<<BITRXD);
//------SimCom RX-------
       if(((bSimComTxing & bitStatu) == 0)
       && ((bSimComWaitCheck & bitStatu) == 0))
       {
           if((bSimComRxLoadBit & bitStatu) == 0)
           {//檢測(cè)開始位
               if((bSimComRxDropEdge & bitStatu) == 0)//未檢測(cè)到下降緣，繼續(xù)檢測(cè)
               {
                   if((SimComBuf & bitStatu) == 0)//采樣為底電平
                   {
                       SimComRxBitCount=0;
                       bSimComRxDropEdge |= bitStatu;
                       SimComRxSampleCycle=1;
                       SimComRxBit=0xff;
                   }
               }
               else//已檢測(cè)到下降緣，檢查是否為引導(dǎo)位
               {
                   SimComRxSampleCycle++;
                   if(SimComRxSampleCycle==2)
                   {
                       if((SimComBuf & bitStatu)==0)//采樣為底電平
                       {
                           SimComRxBit=0;
                       }
                       else
                       {
                           SimComRxBit=0x80;
                       }
                   }
                   else if(SimComRxSampleCycle>=3)//已采樣3個(gè)周期--1位采樣結(jié)束
                   {
                       if(SimComRxBit==0)
                       {
                           bSimComRxLoadBit |= bitStatu;//==‘0’
                       }
                       bSimComRxDropEdge &= ~bitStatu;
                       SimComRxSampleCycle=0;
                       SimComRxBitCount=0;
                   }
               }
           }
           else
           {//數(shù)據(jù)位和停止位
               //-----采樣1位-----
               SimComRxSampleCycle++;
               if(SimComRxSampleCycle==1)
                       SimComRxBit=0xff;
               if(SimComRxSampleCycle==2)
               {
                   if((SimComBuf & bitStatu)==0)//采樣為底電平
                       SimComRxBit = 0;
                   else
                       SimComRxBit = 0x80;
               }
               else if(SimComRxSampleCycle >= 3)//每位采樣3個(gè)周期
               {
                   SimComRxSampleCycle = 0;
               //-----
                   ++SimComRxBitCount;
                   if(SimComRxBitCount<=8)
                   {
                       SimComRxSampleBuf >>= 1;
                       SimComRxSampleBuf |= SimComRxBit;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       bSimComRxLoadBit &= ~bitStatu;
                       bSimComRxDropEdge &= ~bitStatu;               
                       if(SimComRxBit==0x80)
                       {//正確的停止位
                           SimComSBuf=SimComRxSampleBuf;
                           bSimComByteWaitCheck |= bitStatu;
                       }
                   }
               }
           }   
       }

//------發(fā)送下一位    ------------------
   if(SimComTxSampleCycle == 0)
   {
       SimComOutputA = 0xff;   
       if(bSimComTxing > 0)
       {
           SimComSendBitCount++;
           if(SimComSendBitCount == 1)//引導(dǎo)位               
           {
               SimComOutputA &= ~bSimComTxing;
               SimComSendBuf = *ptSimComTxBuf;
           }
          
           else if(SimComSendBitCount < 10)//8個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)位
           {
               i=SimComSendBuf;
               SimComSendBuf >>= 1;
               if((i & 0x01) == 0)
                   SimComOutputA &= ~bSimComTxing;
           }
           else if(SimComSendBitCount == 10)//停止位
           {
               ptSimComTxBuf++;
              
               SimComSendBitCount = 0;
               if(SimComSendByteCount > 0)   
               {
                   SimComSendByteCount--;
               }
               if(SimComSendByteCount == 0)   
               {
                   bSimComTxing = 0;                   
               }
          
           }
/*           else if(SimComSendBitCount >= 11)//休止位
           {
               SimComSendBitCount = 0;
               if(SimComSendByteCount > 0)   
               {
                   SimComSendByteCount--;
               }
               if(SimComSendByteCount == 0)   
               {
                   bSimComTxing = 0;                   
               }
            } */
       }
   }   
   //SimComOutputA &=0x0f;
   SEI();
}

unsigned char Get_Char(void)
{
   while((bSimComByteWaitCheck&(1<<BITRXD))==0);
   bSimComByteWaitCheck=0x00;
  return SimComSBuf;
}

unsigned char Soft_Receive_one(void)
{
  bSimComByteWaitCheck=0x00;
  return SimComSBuf;
}

void Put_String(unsigned char *ptr,unsigned char num)
{
  bSimComTxing=(1<<BITTXD);
  SimComSendByteCount=num;
  ptSimComTxBuf=ptr;
}

/* 以下為測(cè)試

//call this routine to initialize all peripherals
void init_devices(void)
{
 //stop errant interrupts until set up
 CLI(); //disable all interrupts
 MCUCR = 0x00;
 GICR  = 0x00;
 TIMSK = 0x01; //timer interrupt sources
 SEI(); //re-enable interrupts
 //all peripherals are now initialized
}

void main(void)
{
unsigned char TXBUF[10];

init_devices();


iousart_init(3);

while(1)
{

TXBUF[0]=Get_Char();
Put_String(TXBUF,1);

}

}

*/

[/code]

頭文件：

[code="c"]

#ifndef __IOSOFTUSART__
#define __IOSOFTUSART__

#define DDRTXD  DDRB
#define PORTTXD PORTB
#define BITTXD  6
#define DDRRXD  DDRB
#define PORTRXD PORTB
#define PINRXD  PINB
#define BITRXD  7

//定義 14.7456Mhz 下波特率常量
#define Baud_1200 0
#define Baud_2400 1
#define Baud_4800 2
#define Baud_9600 3

extern void iousart_init(unsigned char baudrate);

//帶死等的接收
extern unsigned char Get_Char(void);

//直接返回,先判斷后調(diào)用,它取完數(shù)之后會(huì)改變標(biāo)志位
extern unsigned char Soft_Receive_one(void);
//標(biāo)志位
extern unsigned char bSimComByteWaitCheck;
#define Soft_Receive_flag (bSimComByteWaitCheck&(1<<BITRXD))

extern void Put_String(unsigned char *ptr,unsigned char num);

#endif

[/code]

還有中斷方式的方案，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下面的模擬串口標(biāo)簽以查找下載鏈接。